ACTIVE / PASSIVE VOICE

Nama  : Kartika Puspa Sari
NPM   : 23216827
Kelas   : 3EB12


Active voice
In most English sentences with an action verb, the subject performs the action denoted by the verb.
    These examples show that the subject is  doing the verb's action.
            
Because the subject does or "acts upon" the verb in such sentences, the sentences are said to be in the active voice.

Passive voice
One can change the normal word order of many active sentences (those with a direct object) so that the subject is no longer active, but is, instead, being acted upon by the verb - or passive.
    Note in these examples how the subject-verb relationship has changed.
            
Because the subject is being "acted upon" (or is passive), such sentences are said to be in the passive voice.
NOTE:   Colorful parrots live in the rainforests cannot be changed to passive voice because the sentence does not have a direct object.
To change a sentence from active to passive voice, do the following:
    1.  Move  the active sentence's direct object into the sentence's subject  slot
             
    2. Place the active sentence's subject into a  phrase beginning with the preposition by
              
    3.  Add a form of the auxiliary verb be to the main verb and change the  main verb's form
              
Because passive voice sentences necessarily add words and change the normal doer-action-receiver of action direction, they may make the reader work harder to understand the intended meaning.
As the examples below illustrate, a sentence in  active voice  flows more smoothly and is easier to understand than the same sentence in  passive voice.
             
            
It is generally preferable to use the ACTIVE voice.

To change a passive voice sentence into an active voice sentence, simply reverse the steps shown above.
    1.  Move  the passive sentence's subject into the active  sentence's  direct object slot
             
    2.  Remove  the auxiliary verb be from the main verb and change main verb's form if needed
            
    3. Place the passive sentence's object of the preposition by into the subject slot.
           
Because it is more direct, most writers prefer to use the active voice whenever possible.
The passive voice may be a better choice, however, when

• the doer of the action is unknown, unwanted, or unneeded in the sentence

             Examples
             

• the writer wishes to emphasize the action of the sentence rather than the doer of the action

            Examples
               

• the writer wishes to use passive voice for sentence variety.

ABOUT TENSE !!!!

      Nama    : Kartika Puspa Sari
      NPM      : 23216827
      Kelas    :  3EB12 

        PRESENT TENSE

1. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

Usage:
Stating a habit (habitual action) or activities that occur over and over - again and again and again. Stating a general truth.

Formulas :

(+) S + V1 + es/s + Object

(- ) S + do/does + not + V1 + Object

(? ) do/does + s + V1 + Object?

Examples:

1. My sister lives in Bali Luhur.
2. My sister does not live in Palembang.
3. Does my sister live in Jakarta ?

2. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Usage:
To declare an ongoing activity (now) or around the time of the conversation (around the time speaking).

Formulas:

( + ) s + is/am/are + V – ing

( -  ) s + is/am/are + not + V – ing

( ? ) is/am/are + s + V – ing

Examples :

1. I’m studying structure now.
2. I’m not studying Indonesian now.
3. Am I studying Math now ?

3. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

Usage:
To declare an act, events that happened in the past and still nothing to do with present or to show an event that completed in a short time (just finished).

Formulas :

( + ) s + have/has + V3 + Object

( – ) s + have/has + not + V3 + Object

( ? ) have/has + s + V3 + Object ?

Examples :

1. Winny has eaten lunch.
2. Ketut has not eaten lunch.
3. Has Nopri eaten lunch ?

4. PRESENT PREFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Usage:
to declare an activity that started in the past and is still ongoing and there may still be ongoing
Formulas:

( + ) s + have/has + been + V – ing

( – ) s + have/has + not + been + V – ing

( ? ) have/has + s + been + V – ing ?

Examples :

1. Jack has been staying in hospital since his accident
2. Jack has not been staying in hospital.
3. Has jack been staying in hospital since his accident ?

         PAST TENSE

5. SIMPLE PAST TENSE

Usage:
To express an activity that occurs at a point in the past.
Formulas:

( + ) s + V2 + Object

( – ) s + did + not + V1 + Object

( ? ) did + s + V1 + Object?

Examples :

1. My father went to France  last year.
2. My mother did not go to France .
3. Did my sister go to France last year ?

6. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

Usage:
To express an ongoing activity in the past when other activities occur / interrupt.
Formulas:

( + ) s + was/were + V – ing

( – ) s + was/were + not + V – ing

( ? ) was/were + s + V – ing ?

Examples :

1. I was reading book when father watched TV.
2. I was not eating when my mother ate lunch.
3. Was I studying when my friend invited me ?

7. PAST PERFECT TENSE

Usage:
To declare an act that is completed events done in the past or explain an events which first occurred between the two in question.

Formulas :

( + ) s + had + v3

( – ) s + had + not + v3

( ? ) had + s + v3

Examples :

1. Rina had eaten when we called at to her house.
2. Tina had not come when I called her.
3. Had Tina heared when I called her ?

8. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Usage:
To declare an act or event that has been started in the past and is still going on in the past also.
Formulas:

( + ) s + had + been + V – ing

( – ) s + had + not + been + V – ing

( ? ) had + s + been + V – ing ?

Examples :

1. They had been singing when we studied dancing.
2. They had not been eating when we ate lunch.
3. Had they been studying when we studied English ?

          FUTURE TENSE

9. SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE

Usage:
To declare an act or event that will be done at the time will come.
Formulas:

( + ) s + shall/will + V1

( – ) s + shall/will + not + V1

( ? ) shall/will + s + V1

Examples :

1. I will go to Surabaya tomorrow.
2. My mother shall not follow me.
3. Will you follow me ?

10. FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

Usage:
to declare an act or event that will be taking place at a time will come.
Formulas:

( + ) s + shall/will + be + v – ing

( – ) s + shall/will + not + be + V – ing

( ? ) shall/will + s + be + V – ing

Examples :

1. I will be studying if Winny come to night.
2. My young brother shall not be sleeping if my mother isn’t there.
3. Will they be going ?

11. FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

Usage:
To declare an act or event that already started in the past and soon to be completed in time dating.
Formulas:

( + ) s + shall/will + have + V3

( – ) s + shall/will + not + have + V3

( ? ) shall/will + s + have + V3

Examples :

1. Tom and Tim will have finished their work by Monday.
2. Tom and Tim will not have finished their work by Sunday.
3. Will They have finished their work Tuesday ?

12. FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Usage:
To declare an act or event that already exist in the past but it is still possible to dillanjutkan at the time will come.
Formulas:

( + ) s + shall/will + have + been + V – ing

( – ) s + shall/will + not + have + been + V – ing

( ? ) shall/will + s + have + been + V – ing

Examples :

1. My father shall have been working in the office for five years by the end of the year.
2. My mother shall not have been cooking.
3. Shall she have been cooking ?

PAST FUTURE TENSE

13. SIMPLE PAST FUTURE TENSE

Usage:
To declare an act or event that will come done in the past.
Formulas:

( + ) s + should/would + V1

( – ) s + should/would + not + V1

( ? ) should/would + s + V1

Examples :

1. My parent would give me a new book the week before.
2. They would not give me a new book the next day.
3. Would they give me a new car the week before ?

14. PAST FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

Usage:
To declare an act or event that will be taking place the past.

Formulas:

( + ) s + should/would + be + V – ing

( – ) s + should/would + not + be + V – ing

( ? ) should/would + s + be + V – ing

Examples :

1. We would be meeting here at five yesterday.
2. We would not be meeting here at four yesterday.
3. Would us be meeting here at five yesterday ?

15. PAST FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

Usage:
To declare an act of events that will come already in the past supposition that can not happen because it is definitely not fulfilled.

Formulas:

( + ) s + should/would + have + V3

( – )  s + should/would + not + have + V3

( ? )  should/would + s + have + V3

Examples :

1. You would have been success if you had worked hard.
2. You would not have been success if you had not worked hard.
3. Would you have been success if you had not worked hard ?

16. PAST FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Usage:
To declare an act of events that will already be in progress at
the past.
Formulas:

( + )  s + should/would + have + been + V – ing

( – )   s + should/would + not + have + been + V – ing

( ? )  should/would + s + have + been + V – ing

Examples :

1. My brother should have been working there for two years by the end of this year.
2. My sister should not have been working there.
3. Should Zidan have been studying at Tridinanti for 2 two years by the end of this year ?